Sikhism is one of the world’s youngest major religions, with over 25 million followers worldwide. It originated in the Punjab region of India in the late 15th century. The religion is based on monotheism, equality, and selfless service, emphasizing the importance of living a truthful and honest life.
The founder of Sikhism is Guru Nanak Dev Ji, who preached spiritual enlightenment, social justice, and devotion to one God. His teachings formed the foundation of Sikh beliefs and practices, which continue to guide Sikhs today.
Who Was Guru Nanak Dev Ji?
Early Life and Birth
Guru Nanak Dev Ji was born on April 15, 1469, in the village of Rai Bhoi di Talwandi (now Nankana Sahib, Pakistan). His parents, Mehta Kalu (Kalyan Chand) and Mata Tripta, were Hindus belonging to the Khatri merchant class.
From an early age, Guru Nanak displayed deep spiritual wisdom and curiosity. He often questioned religious rituals and societal inequalities, preferring meditation and contemplation over material wealth.
The Divine Experience
At the age of 30, Guru Nanak is said to have disappeared into a river for three days. When he emerged, he declared that he had received a divine revelation from God. His first words after this experience were:
“There is no Hindu, there is no Muslim.”
This statement emphasized the unity of humanity and the oneness of God, which became the core of Sikhism. Guru Nanak spent the rest of his life spreading this message.
The Teachings of Guru Nanak
Guru Nanak’s teachings centered around:
1. Belief in One God (Ik Onkar)
Sikhism is a monotheistic religion, believing in one formless, eternal God. This God is known as Waheguru, meaning "Wonderful Lord".
2. Equality of All People
Guru Nanak strongly opposed discrimination based on caste, religion, gender, or status. He taught that all humans are equal in the eyes of God, and no one is superior based on birth or wealth.
3. Honest Living (Kirat Karni)
He emphasized the importance of earning an honest livelihood through hard work rather than engaging in dishonesty or exploitation.
4. Sharing with Others (Vand Chakna)
Guru Nanak encouraged selfless service and helping those in need. This principle led to the Sikh practice of Langar (community kitchen), where free meals are served to everyone, regardless of their background.
5. Devotion to God (Naam Japna)
Sikhs are encouraged to meditate on God’s name and live a life of spiritual awareness. Repeating and remembering Waheguru helps in achieving inner peace and divine connection.
Guru Nanak’s Travels (Udasis)
To spread his message, Guru Nanak traveled extensively across India, the Middle East, and Central Asia. These journeys, known as Udasis, lasted nearly 25 years. He visited major religious centers, including:
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Mecca and Medina (Saudi Arabia) – Engaging in discussions with Islamic scholars.
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Varanasi (India) – Challenging Hindu priests on the meaning of true spirituality.
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Tibet and Sri Lanka – Teaching about universal brotherhood and equality.
Through these travels, he challenged superstitions, religious dogmas, and social injustices, promoting a more compassionate and inclusive faith.
Formation of Sikhism as a Religion
Establishment of Kartarpur
In 1522, Guru Nanak founded the town of Kartarpur (now in Pakistan), where he gathered followers and established the first Sikh community. He introduced:
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Daily prayers and hymns (Kirtan)
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The concept of Langar (community kitchen)
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Simple and honest living
Kartarpur became the spiritual and social center of Sikhism, where people from all backgrounds came together in unity.
Guru Nanak’s Successor
Before his death in 1539, Guru Nanak chose Bhai Lehna, later known as Guru Angad Dev Ji, as his successor. This decision established the tradition of Guru lineage, leading to a total of ten Sikh Gurus who continued to develop and strengthen Sikhism.
The Legacy of Guru Nanak Dev Ji
The Guru Granth Sahib
The teachings of Guru Nanak and the subsequent Sikh Gurus were compiled into the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism. This sacred text contains spiritual hymns and wisdom, serving as the eternal Guru for Sikhs.
The Khalsa and Sikh Identity
Although Guru Nanak founded Sikhism, it was later strengthened by Guru Gobind Singh Ji (the 10th Guru), who established the Khalsa (the community of initiated Sikhs). This led to the distinct Sikh identity, including the Five Ks (Kesh, Kara, Kirpan, Kachera, and Kangha).
Influence on Modern Society
Guru Nanak’s teachings continue to inspire millions of people worldwide. His messages of peace, equality, and devotion remain relevant, promoting harmony among different faiths and communities.
Guru Nanak Dev Ji is the founder of Sikhism, a faith built on oneness with God, equality, and selfless service. His revolutionary ideas challenged societal norms and laid the foundation for a religion that embraces love, justice, and truth.
Even today, his legacy lives on, guiding Sikhs to live with compassion, honesty, and devotion.