Fistulous withers is a serious condition in horses that affects the withers, the highest part of a horse’s back between the shoulder blades. This condition occurs when an infection causes inflammation, leading to painful swelling, pus-filled abscesses, and open sores. If left untreated, it can become chronic and severely impact a horse’s health and usability. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for horse owners to manage and prevent this condition effectively.
What Is Fistulous Withers?
Fistulous withers is a bacterial infection of the withers region, leading to abscess formation and draining tracts. It is similar to a condition called poll evil, which affects the horse’s poll (the top of the head behind the ears). This infection can be painful and debilitating, making early detection and treatment crucial.
Causes of Fistulous Withers in Horses
Several factors contribute to the development of fistulous withers, including bacterial infections, trauma, and poor saddle fit.
1. Bacterial Infection
- The most common cause is a Brucella abortus infection, though other bacteria like Actinomyces or Streptococcus can also be involved.
- Brucellosis (caused by Brucella abortus) is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can spread to humans.
2. Trauma or Injury
- A horse that suffers a direct impact to the withers (such as a fall or a blow from another horse) may develop inflammation, leading to infection.
- Repeated pressure or friction from an ill-fitting saddle can damage tissues, making them vulnerable to bacterial invasion.
3. Poor Hygiene and Wound Care
- Dirty stalls, contaminated bedding, and unclean tack can introduce bacteria into minor wounds, increasing the risk of infection.
- Lack of proper wound treatment allows small cuts to fester and become serious infections.
Symptoms of Fistulous Withers
Recognizing the signs of fistulous withers early can help in prompt treatment. Some common symptoms include:
Early Signs
✔ Swelling at the withers
✔ Warmth and tenderness in the affected area
✔ Increased sensitivity when touched
Progressing Symptoms
✔ Development of painful abscesses
✔ Thick, yellow or bloody discharge draining from the wound
✔ Formation of open sores and draining tracts
Severe Cases
✔ Lameness or reluctance to move
✔ Fever and loss of appetite
✔ Chronic infection that resists treatment
How Is Fistulous Withers Diagnosed?
A veterinarian will perform a physical examination and may use diagnostic tests to determine the extent of the infection. These tests may include:
🔹 Ultrasound – To check the depth of the infection
🔹 Bacterial culture – To identify the exact bacteria causing the infection
🔹 Blood tests – To detect Brucella or other systemic infections
Treatment Options for Fistulous Withers
Early treatment is essential to prevent long-term damage. Treatment depends on the severity of the infection.
1. Medical Treatment
- Antibiotics: Broad-spectrum antibiotics help fight bacterial infections. If Brucella is involved, special antibiotics may be required.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs: Reduce swelling and pain, making the horse more comfortable.
2. Drainage and Cleaning
- Lancing abscesses: Veterinarians may drain the pus to prevent pressure buildup.
- Daily wound cleaning: Using antiseptic solutions helps prevent reinfection.
3. Surgical Intervention
- In severe cases, surgical removal of infected tissue may be necessary.
- Deep infections may require flushing the area with antiseptic solutions and long-term drainage management.
4. Supportive Care
- Rest and reduced activity allow the withers to heal properly.
- Proper nutrition helps boost the immune system and recovery.
Preventing Fistulous Withers in Horses
Prevention is always better than treatment. Horse owners can take several steps to minimize the risk of fistulous withers.
1. Proper Saddle Fit
- Ensure that saddles fit correctly to avoid excessive pressure on the withers.
- Use padded saddle blankets to distribute weight evenly and prevent rubbing.
2. Maintain Clean Stables and Equipment
- Regularly clean and disinfect saddles, blankets, and brushes.
- Keep the horse’s living area dry and free from harmful bacteria.
3. Treat Wounds Promptly
- Even minor cuts and scrapes should be cleaned and monitored.
- Apply antiseptic ointments to prevent bacterial infections.
4. Monitor Horses for Early Signs
- Check the withers regularly for swelling or heat.
- Be alert to changes in behavior, such as flinching when touched or reluctance to be saddled.
Is Fistulous Withers Contagious?
Fistulous withers itself is not contagious between horses, but if it is caused by Brucella abortus, the bacteria can spread to other animals and even humans. Horse handlers should take precautions when dealing with infected horses by wearing gloves and washing hands thoroughly after handling wounds.
Can a Horse Recover from Fistulous Withers?
Yes, horses can fully recover with proper treatment, but chronic cases may take longer to heal. Early intervention significantly improves the chances of recovery.
Factors Affecting Recovery
✔ Early diagnosis leads to faster treatment and better outcomes.
✔ Severity of infection determines the length of healing time.
✔ Proper wound care and hygiene prevent reinfection.
Fistulous withers is a painful and potentially serious condition in horses, but with early detection, proper treatment, and good management practices, it can be prevented and treated successfully. Ensuring good saddle fit, hygiene, and wound care will help keep horses healthy and free from this debilitating infection.