Sikhism is one of the world’s major religions, founded in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of India. With over 25 million followers worldwide, it is a faith deeply rooted in equality, service, and devotion to God.
This topic explores the A to Z of Sikhism, covering key beliefs, practices, traditions, and cultural aspects that define this unique and vibrant religion.
A – Amrit Ceremony
The Amrit Sanchar is the initiation ceremony for Sikhs who choose to become Khalsa (baptized Sikhs). It involves drinking Amrit (holy nectar) and making a commitment to follow the Sikh way of life.
B – Bhagats
Bhagats were saints and poets from various backgrounds whose spiritual hymns are included in the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism. These figures, such as Kabir and Farid, emphasized devotion to one God.
C – Chaur Sahib
The Chaur Sahib is a ceremonial fan used to show respect to the Guru Granth Sahib during worship. It symbolizes honor and reverence for the holy scripture.
D – Dasam Granth
The Dasam Granth is a religious scripture attributed to Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru. It contains poetry, hymns, and historical narratives but is not considered equal to the Guru Granth Sahib.
E – Ek Onkar
The phrase “Ek Onkar” means “There is only one God.” It is the foundational belief of Sikhism, emphasizing monotheism and the oneness of creation.
F – Five Ks (Panj Kakar)
The Five Ks are the five topics of faith worn by baptized Sikhs:
- Kesh (uncut hair) – Symbol of spirituality and acceptance of God’s will.
- Kangha (wooden comb) – Represents cleanliness and discipline.
- Kara (steel bracelet) – A reminder of God’s presence and infinite nature.
- Kachera (special undergarment) – Sign of self-discipline and modesty.
- Kirpan (ceremonial sword) – Symbol of justice and protection.
G – Guru Granth Sahib
The Guru Granth Sahib is the central religious scripture of Sikhism and is considered the eternal Guru. It contains the teachings of Sikh Gurus and other saints, guiding followers in spiritual and ethical matters.
H – Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple)
The Golden Temple in Amritsar is the most sacred Sikh shrine. It represents spiritual and historical significance for Sikhs and is open to all people, regardless of faith or background.
I – Ik Onkar
A central symbol in Sikhism, Ik Onkar represents the belief in one supreme God who is formless and eternal. It is often seen at the beginning of Sikh scriptures.
J – Japji Sahib
The Japji Sahib is a sacred hymn written by Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism. It is recited daily by Sikhs and contains profound spiritual wisdom.
K – Khalsa
The Khalsa is the community of baptized Sikhs initiated by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699. They follow strict religious practices and are committed to protecting righteousness.
L – Langar
Langar is the community kitchen in Sikh temples (Gurdwaras), where free meals are served to all, regardless of caste, religion, or social status. It promotes equality and selfless service.
M – Mool Mantar
The Mool Mantar is the fundamental verse in Sikhism, describing the nature of God. It begins with “Ek Onkar” and is the foundation of Sikh beliefs.
N – Naam Japna
Sikhs practice Naam Japna, which means meditating on God’s name. Repeating God’s name brings spiritual peace and enlightenment.
O – One God
Sikhism strongly believes in monotheism. Sikhs worship one God, who is timeless, formless, and beyond human comprehension.
P – Punjab
Punjab, in India, is the birthplace of Sikhism. It remains the spiritual and cultural center for Sikhs, housing the Golden Temple and many historical sites.
Q – Qazi (Islamic Influence on Sikhism)
Sikhism emerged in a multi-religious environment where Islamic leaders, known as Qazis, played significant roles. Sikh Gurus often engaged in interfaith dialogue with Muslims and Hindus.
R – Rehat Maryada
The Sikh Code of Conduct, known as Rehat Maryada, outlines how Sikhs should live, pray, and serve. It guides them in daily discipline and moral behavior.
S – Seva
Seva means selfless service. Sikhs dedicate time to helping others, whether through Langar, charity, or community work. It is a core principle of Sikhism.
T – Turban (Dastar)
Sikh men (and some women) wear a turban (Dastar) as a symbol of faith, honor, and equality. It protects their uncut hair (Kesh) and signifies their commitment to Sikh values.
U – Uplifting Humanity
Sikh teachings emphasize social justice, kindness, and helping those in need. Sikhs strive to uplift society through education, healthcare, and humanitarian efforts.
V – Vaisakhi
Vaisakhi is a major Sikh festival celebrated in April. It marks the birth of the Khalsa and is a time of religious gatherings, processions, and prayers.
W – Waheguru
Waheguru is the Sikh name for God, meaning “Wonderful Teacher.” It is a sacred word used in prayers and meditation.
X – Xenophobia Rejection
Sikhism promotes universal brotherhood and rejects discrimination based on race, religion, or caste. The Sikh Gurus fought against injustice and oppression.
Y – Yoga in Sikhism
While Sikhism does not focus on yoga as a religious practice, some Sikhs incorporate it into their personal spiritual and physical discipline. However, meditation on God’s name (Naam Simran) is emphasized over physical postures.
Z – Zafarnama
The Zafarnama is a letter written by Guru Gobind Singh to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. It highlights moral courage, justice, and divine will, reinforcing Sikh principles of righteousness.
Sikhism is a faith of devotion, equality, and service. From its founding by Guru Nanak to its modern-day principles, it remains a guiding force for millions. Understanding the A to Z of Sikhism helps us appreciate its rich spiritual, cultural, and historical significance.