Becoming a firefighter is a challenging but rewarding career path. It requires physical fitness, mental toughness, and specialized training. Many people wonder how long it takes to become a firefighter, and the answer depends on several factors, including location, education, and experience.
This content breaks down the steps to becoming a firefighter and the time required for each stage.
Basic Requirements to Become a Firefighter
Before starting the journey to become a firefighter, candidates must meet certain basic requirements:
- Minimum Age: Most fire departments require applicants to be at least 18 years old. Some may set the minimum age at 21.
- Education: A high school diploma or GED is typically required. Some departments may prefer or require college coursework in fire science or emergency medical services (EMS).
- Physical Fitness: Firefighting is physically demanding, so candidates must pass fitness tests.
- Background Check: A clean criminal record is usually required.
- Valid Drivers License: Most fire departments require a valid drivers license.
Steps to Becoming a Firefighter and Time Required
1. Completing High School or GED (4 Years or Less)
The first step is earning a high school diploma or equivalent (GED). This is a basic requirement for most fire departments. Those who already have a diploma or GED can move directly to the next step.
2. Earning a Fire Science Degree or Certificate (6 Months to 2 Years, Optional)
While not always required, some aspiring firefighters choose to earn an associate degree or certificate in fire science. This can take anywhere from six months to two years and provides valuable knowledge about fire behavior, safety procedures, and rescue techniques.
3. Obtaining EMT Certification (6 Months to 1 Year, Depending on the Program)
Many fire departments require firefighters to be certified as Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). Basic EMT certification can take six months to one year. Some firefighters also choose to become paramedics, which requires additional training and can take up to two years.
4. Passing the Firefighter Written Exam and Physical Agility Test (Varies by Location)
Most fire departments require candidates to pass:
- A Written Exam: Tests problem-solving, mechanical reasoning, and reading comprehension.
- A Physical Agility Test: Evaluates strength, endurance, and ability to perform firefighting tasks.
The time needed to prepare for these tests varies based on the individual.
5. Applying to Fire Departments and Going Through the Hiring Process (Several Months to Over a Year)
The hiring process for firefighters is competitive and can take several months to over a year. It typically includes:
- Application Submission: Candidates apply to fire departments, often waiting for open recruitment periods.
- Interviews: Includes oral interviews with fire department officials.
- Background Check and Medical Exam: Ensures candidates meet moral and physical standards.
6. Attending Fire Academy (12 to 16 Weeks on Average)
Once hired, candidates attend a fire academy for hands-on training. Fire academies typically last 3 to 4 months and cover:
- Fire suppression techniques
- Hazardous material handling
- Search and rescue operations
- Fire prevention strategies
- Equipment and apparatus usage
Some states allow aspiring firefighters to attend a fire academy before being hired, which can speed up the hiring process.
7. Completing Probationary Period (6 Months to 1 Year)
New firefighters must complete a probationary period lasting 6 months to 1 year. During this time, they receive hands-on experience and are evaluated on their performance.
Total Time Required to Become a Firefighter
The total time to become a firefighter varies depending on individual choices and requirements. Heres a general timeline:
- Minimum Time: About 1.5 years, assuming the fastest path (high school diploma, EMT certification, passing exams, getting hired, and attending fire academy).
- Average Time: 2 to 4 years, if obtaining a degree, additional training, and accounting for hiring delays.
- Longest Time: Up to 5+ years, for those pursuing advanced education, paramedic training, or waiting for hiring opportunities.
Ways to Speed Up the Process
If you want to become a firefighter as quickly as possible, consider these strategies:
- Get EMT Certified Early Since many fire departments require EMT certification, completing it early can improve hiring chances.
- Attend a Fire Academy Before Hiring Some states allow candidates to complete fire academy training before applying to departments.
- Gain Volunteer or Internship Experience Working as a volunteer firefighter or EMT can strengthen applications and speed up hiring.
- Stay Physically Fit Passing the physical agility test quickly improves hiring prospects.
The time it takes to become a firefighter depends on education, training, and hiring timelines. While some individuals enter the field in as little as 1.5 years, others may take 4 to 5 years if they pursue additional training or face delays in the hiring process.
Regardless of the timeline, dedication and persistence are key to achieving a successful firefighting career.