The withers are an important part of a horse’s anatomy, but many people—especially beginners—may not know exactly where they are or why they matter. If you own a horse or are interested in equine care, understanding the location and function of the withers is essential.
In this guide, we’ll explore where the withers are on a horse, their purpose, how they affect saddle fit, and common health concerns.
What Are the Withers on a Horse?
The withers are the highest point of a horse’s shoulders, located at the base of the neck where the shoulder blades meet. This area is made up of several prominent vertebrae in the horse’s spine, specifically the first thoracic vertebrae (T1-T5).
In simple terms, the withers form a raised ridge between the shoulder blades, which can be easily felt and seen on most horses.
Where Are the Withers Located?
To find the withers on a horse:
- Stand next to the horse and locate the base of its neck.
- Run your hand along the horse’s back toward the shoulder blades.
- The raised ridge where the neck meets the back is the withers.
This area is not covered by muscle, making it an essential reference point for measuring a horse’s height and fitting tack properly.
Why Are the Withers Important?
The withers play a crucial role in:
✔ Determining a horse’s height
✔ Fitting a saddle correctly
✔ Aiding in movement and flexibility
✔ Supporting balance and posture
1. Measuring a Horse’s Height
A horse’s height is measured from the ground to the withers in hands. One hand equals 4 inches, so when someone says a horse is “15 hands high” (15hh), it means the horse’s withers are 60 inches from the ground.
2. Saddle Fit and Comfort
The withers are a key factor in saddle fit. A poorly fitted saddle can cause:
❌ Soreness and pain
❌ Restricted movement
❌ Back problems
Different horses have different wither shapes:
- High withers – Found in breeds like Thoroughbreds, requiring a saddle with a higher pommel.
- Low (flat) withers – Common in breeds like Quarter Horses, needing a saddle with a wider gullet.
Proper saddle fit ensures comfort and prevents injury.
3. Movement and Balance
The withers are connected to the horse’s spinal column and shoulder blades, helping with:
✔ Forward movement
✔ Turning and balance
✔ Jumping and athletic performance
In disciplines like dressage, show jumping, and racing, the withers’ flexibility is crucial for performance and agility.
Common Problems Associated with the Withers
Because the withers play a major role in movement and saddle fit, they can sometimes develop issues or injuries.
1. Sore or Bruised Withers
Caused by:
❌ Poorly fitting saddles
❌ Too much pressure from a rider
❌ Improper padding
Symptoms:
- Sensitivity when touched
- Swelling or heat in the area
- Reluctance to be saddled
2. Wither Injuries (Fractures or Trauma)
Horses can injure their withers by:
- Falling or rolling onto hard surfaces
- Being kicked by another horse
- Getting stuck under fences or stalls
Treatment usually involves rest, anti-inflammatory medication, and proper saddle adjustments.
3. Sway Back or Poor Posture
Horses with weak topline muscles may develop postural issues, affecting the withers’ position. Proper exercise and conditioning can help maintain strong back muscles.
How to Keep a Horse’s Withers Healthy
✔ Ensure proper saddle fit – Work with a professional saddle fitter if needed.
✔ Check for soreness regularly – Gently press around the withers to check for discomfort.
✔ Use proper padding – A well-padded saddle reduces pressure.
✔ Encourage good posture – Regular exercise strengthens back muscles.
✔ Monitor injuries closely – If your horse shows signs of pain, consult a vet or equine chiropractor.
The withers on a horse are the highest point of the shoulders, playing a key role in height measurement, saddle fit, movement, and balance. Proper care of the withers is essential for a horse’s comfort and performance.
By understanding their function, monitoring for health issues, and ensuring a good saddle fit, you can help keep your horse happy, healthy, and pain-free!